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Hamcrest

1、前言

Hamcrest是一款用于校验的Java的单元测试框架，可以组合创建灵活的匹配器进行断言。

官网：http://hamcrest.org/JavaHamcrest/

2、API

1、startsWith：匹配字符串以XX开头

assertThat("myStringOfNote", startsWith("my"))

2、containsString：匹配是否包含指定字符串

assertThat("myStringOfNote", containsString("ring"))

3、equalTo：基于传入对象的equals方法匹配方式，如果是数组比较每个元素是否相等。

assertThat("foo", equalTo("foo"));
assertThat(new String[] {"foo", "bar"}, equalTo(new String[] {"foo", "bar"}));

4、allOf：匹配所有指定的匹配项，可指定多个匹配条件

assertThat("myValue", allOf(startsWith("my"), containsString("Val")));

5、anyOf：匹配其中任意一个匹配项，可指定多个匹配条件

assertThat("myValue", anyOf(startsWith("foo"), containsString("Val")))

6、both：两个选项都匹配

assertThat("fab", both(containsString("a")).and(containsString("b")))

7、either：匹配其中任意一个匹配项

assertThat("fan", either(containsString("a")).or(containsString("b")))

8、describedAs：自定义描述匹配

describedAs(
参数1：自定义描述，可以使用占位符%0,%1,%2...
参数2：匹配器
参数3：自定义描述中需要替换的变量按先后顺序匹配);
assertThat(120,describedAs("自定义期望值：%0", equalTo(110), 110));
输出：Expected: 自定义期望值：<110>

9、everyItem：匹配现实Iterable接口类中的每个元素是否符合要求

assertThat(Arrays.asList("bar", "baz"), everyItem(startsWith("ba")))

10、is：装饰另一个匹配器，保留其行为。

assertThat(cheese, is(equalTo(smelly))) 
替代
assertThat(cheese, equalTo(smelly))

11、instanceOf：匹配对象是属于哪个类

assertThat(new Canoe(), instanceOf(Canoe.class));

12、isA：instanceOf的快捷方式

assertThat(cheese, isA(Cheddar.class))
替代
assertThat(cheese, is(instanceOf(Cheddar.class)))

13、hasItem：匹配现实Iterable接口类中的【至少有一个元素】是否符合要求

assertThat(Arrays.asList("foo", "bar"), hasItem(startsWith("ba")));
assertThat(Arrays.asList("foo", "bar"), hasItem("bar"));
//endsWith("z") and endsWith("o") 必须同时满足
assertThat(Arrays.asList("foo", "bar", "baz"), hasItems(endsWith("z"), endsWith("o")));
//baz1 and foo 必须同时满足
assertThat(Arrays.asList("foo", "bar", "baz"), hasItems("baz1", "foo"));

14、not：创建一个结果相反的匹配器

assertThat(cheese, is(not(equalTo(smelly))))
assertThat(cheese, is(not(smelly)))

15、notNullValue：匹配是否非空

assertThat(cheese, is(notNullValue()))

16、nullValue：匹配是否为空

assertThat(cheese, is(nullValue())

17、containsStringIgnoringCase：匹配是否包含指定字符串，忽略大小写

assertThat("myStringOfNote", containsStringIgnoringCase("Ring"))

18、startsWithIgnoringCase：匹配字符串以XX开头，忽略大小写

assertThat("myStringOfNote", startsWithIgnoringCase("My"))

19、endsWith：匹配字符串以XX结尾

assertThat("myStringOfNote", endsWith("Note"))

20、endsWithIgnoringCase：匹配字符串以XX结尾，忽略大小写

assertThat("myStringOfNote", endsWithIgnoringCase("note"))

21、matchesRegex：匹配字符串是否满足指定正则表达式

assertThat("abc", matchesRegex(Pattern.compile("ˆ[a-z]$"));
assertThat("abc", matchesRegex("ˆ[a-z]+$"));